Amazon Coding & Algorithms Interview Questions
Practice 600 real Amazon interview questions for 2026. Covers all top categories — Coding & Algorithms, Behavioral & Leadership, Machine Learning, Data Manipulation (SQL/Python), and System Design — across Software Engineer, Data Scientist, Machine Learning Engineer, Product Manager, and Business Intelligence Engineer roles. Real Amazon interview questions from actual interviews with detailed solutions; use this collection for interview preparation that emphasizes shipping at scale, measurable impact, and the company’s Leadership Principles. Expect coding-heavy assessments for Software Engineer candidates: frequent tree and dynamic-programming problems, two-array optimization patterns, nested object/path lookups, and system-design prompts that mirror product flows (online Minesweeper, pizza-ordering, credit-card and shipping/cost systems), plus leadership and collaboration behavioral prompts. Data Scientist rounds concentrate on experimentation and metrics (A/B design, hand p-values, D7 retention SQL), RAG/recommender evaluation, and product-impact analyses. ML Engineer questions focus on production model design, LLM/agent concepts, reliability (cold start, training stability, online vs offline gaps), and large-scale detection pipelines. PM interviews stress customer-obsessed stories, ambiguity, Alexa product launches, and domain-specific data pipelines. Prepare with timed coding practice, end-to-end experiment writeups, STAR stories framed to Leadership Principles, and mock system-design sessions.

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Maintain real-time top-K products from events
Design a data structure/class that ingests a stream of product events and returns the current top‑K products at any time. Events include {timestamp, p...
Compute grid shortest path with obstacles
You are given an m x n grid of integers where cells with value -1 represent obstacles and all other cells are traversable. Starting at (0, 0) and targ...
Design an e-commerce recommendation system
Design an Amazon-Scale E‑Commerce Product Recommendation System Context You are designing a large-scale recommendation system that powers multiple use...
Optimize with a cache/hash map
Question This is a follow-up to your existing implementation (for example, a script that repeatedly resolves file paths or parses license strings into...
Design a URL shortening platform
Design a Scalable URL Shortening Platform Context Build a Bitly-like URL shortener that maps long URLs to short codes and performs HTTP redirection re...
Implement binary search lower/upper bounds
Question Given a non-decreasing sorted integer array nums of length n and a target value, implement two functions using binary search: 1. lower_bound(...
Explain inheritance, polymorphism, constructors, destructors
OOP fundamentals Answer the following concept questions and provide a small example where requested: 1. Inheritance vs. polymorphism - Explain what...
Implement array and tree traversal tasks
You are interviewing for a storage/infra-leaning role. Solve the following coding tasks and be ready to discuss time/space complexity and edge cases. ...
Find when failures started in log stream
You are given an array of log entries sorted by timestamp ascending. Each log entry contains: - timestamp (monotonic increasing) - status ∈ {OK, FAIL}...
Handle scope creep and teammate conflict
Behavioral & Leadership Two-Part Prompt (Data Scientist — Technical Screen) You will answer two behavioral prompts relevant to a data scientist role. ...
Compare Tableau live vs extract and filters
Scenario You are building an interactive dashboard over a 100M-row fact table. Compare Tableau connection options and performance behaviors for this s...
Analyze an A/B test over last 7 days
A/B Test Readout and Decision (2025-08-26 to 2025-09-01) Context A 50/50 A/B experiment on the checkout flow ran for 7 days, from 2025-08-26 through 2...
Solve stock, BFS path, and merge intervals
Solve three coding problems; justify complexity and corner cases. A) Best Time to Buy/Sell Stock (one transaction): Given prices[0..n-1] (integers), r...
Validate DID and IV assumptions rigorously
Causal Inference and IV: DID, TWFE, Staggered Adoption, Clustering, and 2SLS Context: You are analyzing the causal effect of a reminder on an outcome ...
Find a valid dependency order
You are given n tasks labeled from 0 to n - 1 and a list of dependency pairs dependencies, where each pair [a, b] means task b must be completed befor...
Explain key ML theory and techniques
Question This Amazon Machine Learning Engineer onsite covers a breadth of core ML theory and applied modeling. Be ready to go deep on each of the foll...
Estimate Treatment Effects Using PSM, DiD, and DML Methods
Causal Impact of Marketing Campaigns: PSM, DiD, Synthetic Control, and DML Scenario You have observational data from a marketing campaign where some u...
Explain Statistical Outputs to Non-Technical Stakeholders
A/B Test Dashboard Interpretation and Core Statistics Concepts Scenario You are reviewing an A/B test dashboard for an experiment (e.g., Variant B vs ...
Find two numbers that sum to target
Given an integer array nums of length n and an integer target, return the indices (i, j) (0-based) of two distinct elements such that nums[i] + nums[j...
Maximize memory capacity with primary-backup servers
You are helping to optimize the capacity of a cloud system. There are n servers, where n is always even. The memory capacity of the i-th server is giv...