Amazon Data Manipulation (SQL/Python) Interview Questions
Practice 629 real Amazon interview questions for 2026. Covers all top categories — Coding & Algorithms, Behavioral & Leadership, Machine Learning, Data Manipulation (SQL/Python), and System Design — across Software Engineer, Data Scientist, Machine Learning Engineer, Product Manager, and Business Intelligence Engineer roles. Real Amazon interview questions from actual interviews with detailed solutions; use this collection for interview preparation that emphasizes shipping at scale, measurable impact, and the company’s Leadership Principles. Expect coding-heavy assessments for Software Engineer candidates: frequent tree and dynamic-programming problems, two-array optimization patterns, nested object/path lookups, and system-design prompts that mirror product flows (online Minesweeper, pizza-ordering, credit-card and shipping/cost systems), plus leadership and collaboration behavioral prompts. Data Scientist rounds concentrate on experimentation and metrics (A/B design, hand p-values, D7 retention SQL), RAG/recommender evaluation, and product-impact analyses. ML Engineer questions focus on production model design, LLM/agent concepts, reliability (cold start, training stability, online vs offline gaps), and large-scale detection pipelines. PM interviews stress customer-obsessed stories, ambiguity, Alexa product launches, and domain-specific data pipelines. Prepare with timed coding practice, end-to-end experiment writeups, STAR stories framed to Leadership Principles, and mock system-design sessions.
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Design and evaluate a RAG system
You are interviewing for an L5 Data Scientist role focused on LLM applications. Design a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system for an internal q...
Debug distributed-system performance problems
You are asked: “If a distributed system has a performance problem (latency/throughput regression), how would you approach it?” Describe a practical, s...
Calculate Circular Route Query Distance
You are given a circular route with n stops numbered 0 to n - 1. The array distances has length n, where distances[i] is the clockwise distance from s...
Design an e-commerce recommendation system
Design an Amazon-Scale E‑Commerce Product Recommendation System Context You are designing a large-scale recommendation system that powers multiple use...
Answer behavioral questions about delivery and influence
Behavioral questions Prepare structured answers (e.g., STAR) to the following: 1. Complex problem, simple solution: Give an example of a complex probl...
Implement a Worker Hours Register
Implement an in-memory WorkHoursRegister system for contract workers. The system tracks office entry and exit events, completed work time, promotions,...
Find a Valid Course Order
You are given n courses labeled from 0 to n - 1 and a list of prerequisite pairs. Each pair [course, prerequisite] means prerequisite must be complete...
Implement robust word counts and min/max
You receive a 50GB UTF-8 text corpus on disk. Implement a Python solution that:\n- Streams the file without loading it fully into memory.\n- Counts ca...
Implement a high-throughput web crawler safely
Design and code (pseudocode acceptable) a multi-threaded web crawler that favors breadth-first discovery while continuously running analysis tasks on ...
Process real-time enter/exit events and actives
You receive a real-time stream of events with schema: user_id (str), channel (str), event_type ("enter"|"exit"), ts (UTC ISO timestamp). A user can ‘e...
Design systems for global request detection and labeling
Answer the following ML system design questions. State assumptions, propose an architecture, and discuss scaling, latency, and reliability. 1) Global ...
Design a pizza ordering system
Design the core object-oriented model for a pizza ordering system used by a small restaurant. The system should allow customers to: - browse a menu of...
Prioritize Tasks and Respond to Coworker Concerns
Prioritize Tasks and Respond to Coworker Concerns Task Prioritization and Coworker Response Simulation (Data Scientist) Context You are a Data Scienti...
Design multi-tenant ingestion and processing platform
System Design Prompt Design a multi-tenant data ingestion + processing platform used by thousands of internal teams. Requirements - Multi-tenant: each...
Design an LLM quality validation system
You are asked to design an end-to-end LLM quality validation system for a team that trains and serves large language models. The goal is to automatica...
Find all cells reachable by downhill flow
Problem You are given an m x n grid heights, where heights[r][c] is the elevation of cell (r, c). A drop of water is placed at a starting cell start =...
How would you test a price increase?
You are a data scientist at a B2C AI video editing software company (subscription-based, with a free trial and paid tiers). Product leadership is cons...
Handle scope creep and teammate conflict
Behavioral & Leadership Two-Part Prompt (Data Scientist — Technical Screen) You will answer two behavioral prompts relevant to a data scientist role. ...
Build DID panel and compute effects in SQL
Using the schema and toy data below, write SQL to construct a user-week panel and compute a clean pre/post DID dataset for first reminder exposure. Re...
Implement memcpy with misaligned addresses
Implement a C-style memcpy that correctly handles misaligned source/destination addresses. Task Write a function: `c void my_memcpy(void dst, const vo...