ML System Design Interview Questions
Practice 285 real ML System Design interview questions for 2026. Covers companies like OpenAI, Meta, Amazon, Anthropic, and Google. Real questions from actual interviews with detailed solutions. This collection targets ML System Design interview questions and interview preparation for roles that must bridge modeling, data engineering, and production reliability. What’s distinctive: expect LLM- and RAG-focused problems (inference efficiency, retrieval, hallucination controls), feature-store and data-lineage designs, real-time versus batch inference trade-offs, GPU/TPU serving patterns (batching, KV-caches), monitoring for data and concept drift, and production CI/CD for models. Interviewers evaluate your ability to clarify requirements, choose constraints-aware architectures, reason about cost and latency, and specify metrics and guardrails for safety and observability. To prepare, practice drawing layered diagrams (ingestion, storage, feature pipeline, training, registry, serving, monitoring), rehearse trade-offs aloud, and build short writeups outlining metrics, retraining strategy, and rollback/alerting plans. Focus on clear assumptions, end-to-end reproducibility, and concrete operational details that show you can ship and maintain ML at scale.

"I got asked a hardcore MCM DP question and I saw it on PracHub as well. Solved that question in 5 minutes. Without PracHub I doubt I could solve it in 5 hours. Though somehow didn't get hired, perhaps I guess I solved it too fast? /s"

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"I honestly don't know how you guys gather so many real interview questions. It's almost scary. I walked into my Amazon loop and recognized 3 out of 4 problems from your database."

"Discovered PracHub 10 days before my interview. By day 5, I stopped being nervous. By interview day, I was actually excited to show what I knew."

"I recently cleared Uber interviews (strong hire in the design round) and all the questions were present in prachub."
"The search is what sold me. I typed in a really niche DP problem I got asked last year and it actually came up, full breakdown and everything. These guys are clearly updating it constantly."
Design AI feature launch and data collection
System Design: From AI Prototype to Production Context Assume you are designing a user-facing AI-powered feature for a web/mobile product. Some decisi...
Design trending queries ranking system
You are designing a system to power the Top Trending Queries section on the home page of an AI search/Q&A platform (similar to Perplexity). The produc...
Design an end-to-end recommendation system
System Design Prompt: End-to-End Movie Recommendation System You are tasked with designing an end-to-end movie recommendation system for a large-scale...
Describe model-to-GPU execution pipeline
From Model Definition to GPU Execution: Pipeline and Optimizations You are asked to explain the end-to-end path a machine learning model takes from au...
Design a prompt processing backend
System Design: Background Processing Backend for LLM Prompts Context Design a multi-tenant backend that processes large language model (LLM) prompts a...
Design a Multimodal Training Data Pipeline
Design a backend system for collecting, filtering, and storing training data sent by many clients. Clients upload records that may include large media...
Design a chunking strategy for RAG
You are building a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system that uses an LLM plus a vector database. Before creating embeddings and indexing docume...
Design an LLM Log Parsing Workflow
Design a production workflow that uses an LLM, optionally combined with deterministic parsers, to convert heterogeneous raw log messages into structur...
Detect credit-card transaction fraud
Credit-Card Fraud Detection: Real-Time Decisioning and System Design You are designing a real-time decisioning system for card-payment authorizations ...
Design an enterprise RAG assistant for internal docs
Scenario Design an enterprise GPT-style assistant that allows employees to ask questions about internal company documents (policies, wikis, specs, tic...
Explain ML compilation optimizations and hardware fit
ML Compiler Optimizations and Platform Targeting Context You are designing a compiler/runtime stack for deep learning workloads that must run efficien...
Build a Mistral-powered RAG agent
Build a Minimal RAG Tool Using the Mistral API Context You have an API token and need to implement a small retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) tool i...
Design a Jira+Confluence RAG assistant
You are asked to design a simple Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system that answers employee questions using content from two internal products:...
Design a short-video recommender for short-term interest
Scenario You are designing a short-video recommendation system (similar to a swipe/feed product). The system must personalize the feed for each user a...
Design image and multimodal generation systems
System Design: Image Generation and Multimodal Generation Part 1 — End-to-End Image Generation System Design an end-to-end image generation system. Co...
Design an End-to-End ML System
System Design: Real-Time Recommendation ML System Context You are tasked with designing an end-to-end machine-learning system that serves real-time re...
Design a RAG-based assistant service
Scenario You need to build a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) assistant for an enterprise product. It should answer questions using internal docum...
Optimize vector semantic search for an assistant
Scenario You own the vector semantic search layer for an AI assistant (e.g., Copilot). Users query across enterprise documents and/or product knowledg...
Design a weapon-sale ad detection system
Design an end-to-end ML system to detect and take action on ads/listings that attempt to sell weapons (or weapon-related prohibited items). Your syste...
Train LinearSVC to beat a hidden baseline
Question You are given a dataset and a fixed model class: LinearSVC. Implement train(X_train, y_train) and test(X_test) so that the model's accuracy o...