Amazon Coding & Algorithms Interview Questions
Practice 600 real Amazon interview questions for 2026. Covers all top categories — Coding & Algorithms, Behavioral & Leadership, Machine Learning, Data Manipulation (SQL/Python), and System Design — across Software Engineer, Data Scientist, Machine Learning Engineer, Product Manager, and Business Intelligence Engineer roles. Real Amazon interview questions from actual interviews with detailed solutions; use this collection for interview preparation that emphasizes shipping at scale, measurable impact, and the company’s Leadership Principles. Expect coding-heavy assessments for Software Engineer candidates: frequent tree and dynamic-programming problems, two-array optimization patterns, nested object/path lookups, and system-design prompts that mirror product flows (online Minesweeper, pizza-ordering, credit-card and shipping/cost systems), plus leadership and collaboration behavioral prompts. Data Scientist rounds concentrate on experimentation and metrics (A/B design, hand p-values, D7 retention SQL), RAG/recommender evaluation, and product-impact analyses. ML Engineer questions focus on production model design, LLM/agent concepts, reliability (cold start, training stability, online vs offline gaps), and large-scale detection pipelines. PM interviews stress customer-obsessed stories, ambiguity, Alexa product launches, and domain-specific data pipelines. Prepare with timed coding practice, end-to-end experiment writeups, STAR stories framed to Leadership Principles, and mock system-design sessions.

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Minimize time for two handlers
You are given a sequence of jobs that must be processed in the given order. There are exactly two handlers, and each job must be assigned to one of th...
Explain overfitting, regularization, and LLM techniques
You’re in an ML interview. Answer the following conceptual questions clearly and concisely, using examples where helpful: 1) Model fit - What is overf...
Prove and apply statistical ML fundamentals
Technical ML/Statistics Exercises (with precise math and small computations) Assume a standard supervised learning setting with n samples, p features,...
Compute peak parking lot occupancy intervals
You are given logs from a parking lot system. Each log entry has the form: [carId, time, eventType] - carId is an integer identifying a car. - time is...
Describe handling deadlines, pride, and conflict
Behavioral questions Answer the following interview prompts with concrete examples from your past work/school/internships: 1. Tight deadline: Tell me ...
Implement Optimal Bucket Batching
You are given an array lengths of K document lengths and an integer G representing the number of available GPUs. A batch is assigned to one GPU, and e...
Answer core probability and inference questions
You are interviewing for a Data Scientist role. Explain/derive the following statistics fundamentals. 1. State the Central Limit Theorem (CLT). What c...
Walk through an A/B test end-to-end
Walk through how you would design, run, and analyze an A/B test for a product change. Your answer should include: - Hypothesis framing and choosing pr...
Describe how you reduced measurable cost
Behavioral question (focus on ownership/delivery): > Tell me about a time you identified and solved a problem that caused measurable cost (e.g., cloud...
Design an email spam detection system
System Design: End-to-End Email Spam Detection Context Design an end-to-end system that detects and handles spam emails at scale. Assume you are build...
Design a cloud database write path and recovery
System Design (Engine-level): Write Path + Crash Recovery Design a core subsystem for a cloud-native relational database (Aurora-like) where compute i...
Explain Aurora-style internals: WAL, MVCC, replication, recovery
Database Internals Deep Dive You are interviewing for a cloud database engine team (Aurora-like). Answer conceptually and with trade-offs. Questions 1...
Explain why CTR rises but CVR unchanged
Experiment analysis (CTR up, CVR flat) You run an online experiment on an e-commerce product detail page that launches a new UI. - Primary observation...
Design an end-to-end spam detection system
Design an End-to-End Email Spam Detection System You are asked to design a production-grade email spam detection system that meets the following const...
Process real-time enter/exit events and actives
You receive a real-time stream of events with schema: user_id (str), channel (str), event_type ("enter"|"exit"), ts (UTC ISO timestamp). A user can ‘e...
Design a package installer with dependencies
Design a package installer system (like a simplified OS/package manager) that installs packages while respecting dependency resolution. Requirements -...
How would you evaluate adding video ads?
You are a data scientist for a free-to-play mobile game. The product team wants to introduce video ads (e.g., rewarded videos and/or interstitial vide...
Maximize capacity with primary-backup pairing
You are given n servers, where server i has memory capacity memory[i]. A valid system must contain an even number of servers. If the system contains 2...
Debug online worse than offline model performance
Production ML: online performance worse than offline You launch an ML model. Offline evaluation (validation/test) looked good, but after deployment th...
Design LFU cache with distributed extension
Problem You are asked to design and implement a data structure that behaves like an in-memory cache with a Least Frequently Used (LFU) eviction policy...