Amazon Coding & Algorithms Interview Questions
Practice 600 real Amazon interview questions for 2026. Covers all top categories — Coding & Algorithms, Behavioral & Leadership, Machine Learning, Data Manipulation (SQL/Python), and System Design — across Software Engineer, Data Scientist, Machine Learning Engineer, Product Manager, and Business Intelligence Engineer roles. Real Amazon interview questions from actual interviews with detailed solutions; use this collection for interview preparation that emphasizes shipping at scale, measurable impact, and the company’s Leadership Principles. Expect coding-heavy assessments for Software Engineer candidates: frequent tree and dynamic-programming problems, two-array optimization patterns, nested object/path lookups, and system-design prompts that mirror product flows (online Minesweeper, pizza-ordering, credit-card and shipping/cost systems), plus leadership and collaboration behavioral prompts. Data Scientist rounds concentrate on experimentation and metrics (A/B design, hand p-values, D7 retention SQL), RAG/recommender evaluation, and product-impact analyses. ML Engineer questions focus on production model design, LLM/agent concepts, reliability (cold start, training stability, online vs offline gaps), and large-scale detection pipelines. PM interviews stress customer-obsessed stories, ambiguity, Alexa product launches, and domain-specific data pipelines. Prepare with timed coding practice, end-to-end experiment writeups, STAR stories framed to Leadership Principles, and mock system-design sessions.
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Implement SGD for linear regression and derive gradients
Prompt You are given a dataset of \(n\) 1D samples \(\{(x_i, y_i)\}_{i=1}^n\), where \(x_i\) and \(y_i\) are real numbers. We want to fit a linear mod...
Search target in unknown-length sorted array
You have read-only access to a sorted, increasing array-like interface of unknown length that supports get(i), which returns a valid integer for in-bo...
Find shortest path in a grid with obstacles
You are given a 2D grid of size m x n representing a maze. Each cell in the grid is either empty (0) or blocked (1). You are also given two coordinate...
Design an OOD restaurant management system
Object-oriented design: Restaurant management system Design an object-oriented system for a dine-in restaurant that supports the following: Functional...
Diagnose Return Eligibility Scoring Bugs
You are working on an e-commerce return-eligibility service. For each return request, the service computes a risk score using signals such as: - how m...
Implement robust word counts and min/max
You receive a 50GB UTF-8 text corpus on disk. Implement a Python solution that:\n- Streams the file without loading it fully into memory.\n- Counts ca...
Detect cycle in a directed graph
Given a directed graph represented by an adjacency list with n vertices and m edges, determine whether the graph contains a cycle. Describe and implem...
Design a replicated key-value store with quorums
Design a distributed system that replicates key–value pairs across multiple replicas. The interviewer wants to focus on replication, quorums, and fail...
Find shortest transformation steps in a word graph
You are given two strings begin and end of the same length, and a list words of distinct strings (also same length). You can transform one string into...
Describe using customer data
Tell me about a time you used customer data to shape or build a product. How did you identify the customer problem, what data did you use, what decisi...
Build a BFS Web Crawler
Implement a web crawler for a single website. You are given: - A starting URL startUrl - A function fetch(url) that returns the HTML content of a page...
Explain owning and debugging infra modules
Describe a time you were responsible for a storage/distributed-systems/infra component (or a similarly low-level, reliability-critical module). The in...
Verify subscriptions and analyze orders with SQL/Python
You are given two tables. Write SQL and Python (pandas) to answer the sub-questions precisely, handling edge cases, ties, and missing data. Schema - s...
List hyperparameter tuning methods
Describe common methods for hyperparameter tuning in machine learning. For each method, explain: - How it works conceptually. - Its advantages and dis...
Design a reusable web dialog component
You are building a UI component library for a web application and are asked to design and implement a reusable dialog (modal) component. Requirements ...
Choose Between JOIN, BLEND, and RELATIONSHIP in Tableau
Tableau Data Modeling, Filters, and Visual Design Scenario You are preparing a Tableau dashboard for marketing managers. The dashboard must support fa...
Describe a high-stakes project you owned
Behavioral: End-to-End Ownership Under Ambiguity You are interviewing for a Machine Learning Engineer role. Use a concrete example from your experienc...
Design a file search module like UNIX find
Design Task: Object-Oriented module that mimics UNIX find Context Design an object-oriented library that replicates the core functionality of the UNIX...
Amazon PM Behavioral & Leadership Deep-Dive
Question The Amazon Product Manager onsite loop is a behavioral deep-dive: across several back-to-back interviewers you are asked STAR-style "Tell me ...
Generate Synthetic Clickstream Data with Python Function
Scenario The analytics team needs to generate synthetic click-stream records to test a new reporting pipeline before real traffic arrives. Question Wr...