Amazon Interview Questions

Amazon Coding & Algorithms Interview Questions

Practice 695 real Amazon interview questions for 2026. Covers all top categories — Coding & Algorithms, Behavioral & Leadership, Machine Learning, Data Manipulation (SQL/Python), and System Design — across Software Engineer, Data Scientist, Machine Learning Engineer, Product Manager, and Business Intelligence Engineer roles. Real Amazon interview questions from actual interviews with detailed solutions; use this collection for interview preparation that emphasizes shipping at scale, measurable impact, and the company’s Leadership Principles. Expect coding-heavy assessments for Software Engineer candidates: frequent tree and dynamic-programming problems, two-array optimization patterns, nested object/path lookups, and system-design prompts that mirror product flows (online Minesweeper, pizza-ordering, credit-card and shipping/cost systems), plus leadership and collaboration behavioral prompts. Data Scientist rounds concentrate on experimentation and metrics (A/B design, hand p-values, D7 retention SQL), RAG/recommender evaluation, and product-impact analyses. ML Engineer questions focus on production model design, LLM/agent concepts, reliability (cold start, training stability, online vs offline gaps), and large-scale detection pipelines. PM interviews stress customer-obsessed stories, ambiguity, Alexa product launches, and domain-specific data pipelines. Prepare with timed coding practice, end-to-end experiment writeups, STAR stories framed to Leadership Principles, and mock system-design sessions.

695 Questions 1 Company08.11.2026
Showing 20 results
Role
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Prioritize Under a Tight Deadline

Tell me about a project where you had to deliver under a tight deadline. In your answer, be prepared to explain: - What the project was and why the de...

Behavioral & Leadership
2
0
20 people solved
Jan 31, 2026
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Data Scientist

Answer core behavioral questions for data roles

Answer core behavioral questions for data roles You are interviewing directly with a hiring manager who is known to be very selective. The interview i...

Behavioral & Leadership
3
0
54 people solved
Jul 29, 2025
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer

Explain surprisal and its units

You are discussing a language-modeling / NLP project. The interviewer asks about surprisal. 1. Define surprisal for an event/token with probability \(...

Machine Learning
6
0
54 people solved
Nov 20, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Technical Program ManagerSenior+

Answer Amazon leadership behaviorals

In an Amazon L6 Senior Program Manager interview, candidates may be asked several Leadership Principles-style behavioral questions. Prepare senior-lev...

Behavioral & Leadership
12
0
122 people solved
Sep 7, 2024
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software EngineerSenior+ Locked

Design an Online Minesweeper Platform

This question evaluates competency in designing scalable, low-latency, real-time stateful systems, covering data modeling, API design, persistence, co...

System Design
4
0
46 people solved
Nov 17, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software EngineerSenior+

Determine Whether a Binary Tree Is a Valid BST

Determine Whether a Binary Tree Is a Valid BST Problem Given a binary tree, determine whether the entire tree satisfies the strict binary-search-tree ...

Coding & Algorithms
0
0
4 people solved
Apr 15, 2026
Amazon logo
Amazon
Hard
Software Engineer

Answer Dive Deep and Ownership in LP interview

Behavioral (Amazon LP): Dive Deep & Ownership The interviewer will probe your prior work and may connect follow-ups to the technical discussion. Promp...

Behavioral & Leadership
8
0
106 people solved
Jan 22, 2026
Amazon logo
Amazon
Hard
Software Engineer Locked

Design a cloud database write path and recovery

This question evaluates expertise in designing transactional write paths and crash recovery for cloud-native relational databases that separate comput...

System Design
19
0
169 people solved
Jan 22, 2026
Amazon logo
Amazon
Hard
Software Engineer Locked

Explain Aurora-style internals: WAL, MVCC, replication, recovery

This question evaluates knowledge of database storage engine and distributed database internals, covering write-ahead logging, MVCC, replication model...

Software Engineering Fundamentals
6
0
54 people solved
Jan 22, 2026
Amazon logo
Amazon
Hard
Software Engineer Locked

Serialize and deserialize a binary tree

This question evaluates competency in designing robust serialization formats and manipulating binary tree data structures, including preservation of s...

Coding & Algorithms
8
0
72 people solved
Jan 22, 2026
Amazon logo
Amazon
Easy
Software EngineerIntern Locked

Print all odd numbers from an integer list

This question evaluates proficiency with array/list manipulation, parity checking, and handling edge cases such as negative values and integers outsid...

Coding & Algorithms
6
0
80 people solved
Jan 22, 2026
Amazon logo
Amazon
Easy
Software EngineerIntern

Describe a failure and what you learned

Behavioral Describe a time you failed. - What was the situation and your goal? - What went wrong (your role/responsibility)? - What actions did you ta...

Behavioral & Leadership
7
0
67 people solved
Jan 22, 2026
Amazon logo
Amazon
Easy
Software EngineerIntern Locked

Explain inheritance, polymorphism, constructors, destructors

This question evaluates understanding of object-oriented programming concepts—specifically inheritance, polymorphism, constructors, and destructors—an...

Software Engineering Fundamentals
6
0
63 people solved
Jan 22, 2026
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Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer Locked

Build the Largest Available Sequence

This question evaluates algorithmic problem-solving skills in state simulation, constrained selection, and lexicographic sequence maximization, measur...

Coding & Algorithms
5
0
78 people solved
Apr 14, 2026
Amazon logo
Amazon
Hard
Machine Learning Engineer

Build an end-to-end ML pipeline

Build an end-to-end ML pipeline ML System Design: Shipment Delay Risk Scoring From a Single CSV You are given a CSV of shipment events with the follow...

ML System Design
6
0
90 people solved
Jul 17, 2025
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Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Implement ad matching and delivery routing

Implement ad matching and delivery routing Part A: Implement a data structure for an ad-matching service that supports add(campaign), remove(campaign)...

Coding & Algorithms
5
0
58 people solved
Jul 16, 2025
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Amazon
Medium
Data Scientist

Assess Candidate's Alignment with Amazon Leadership Principles

Behavioral Interview: Amazon Leadership Principles for Data Scientists You are interviewing for a Data Scientist role where customer impact, ownership...

Behavioral & Leadership
65
0
57 people solved
Jul 12, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Easy
Data Scientist

Implement Batch Gradient Descent for Linear Regression

Batch Gradient Descent for Linear Regression You are building a linear regression model from scratch and will optimize the parameters using batch grad...

Machine Learning
18
0
105 people solved
Jul 12, 2025
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Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Merge overlapping and adjacent ranges

Given an unsorted list of integer ranges represented as half-open intervals [start, end) with start < end, merge all overlapping or directly adjacent ...

Coding & Algorithms
3
0
36 people solved
Sep 6, 2025
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning EngineerSenior+

Explain XGBoost Parallelism Strategies

Explain How XGBoost Parallelizes Training Scope Describe how XGBoost achieves parallelism: 1. Within a single machine - Histogram-based split findi...

Machine Learning
7
0
77 people solved
Sep 6, 2025

Frequently Asked Questions

How difficult are Amazon interview questions for software, data, and product roles?
Amazon interviews are competitive and deliberately broad: expect medium-to-hard algorithmic coding for software roles, deep design thinking for system and architecture questions, rigorous experiment and metrics work for data roles, and leadership-driven behavioral prompts for product and PM positions. Difficulty scales with level; early-career loops focus on correctness and problem patterns, senior loops demand scalable design, tradeoff justification, and measurable impact. The Bar Raiser raises the bar on long-term ownership and cultural fit. Overall, the process weeds for both technical depth and the ability to explain tradeoffs, so prepare to demonstrate repeatable problem solving under time pressure.
What is the Amazon interview process and where do the top categories and positions appear in the loop?
Amazon typically uses a staged process: resume screen, role-specific assessments or phone screens in some tracks, then the onsite loop of 4–6 interviews including a Bar Raiser. Coding and algorithms rounds dominate for Software Engineer interviews, while system design appears in one or more senior technical rounds. Data Scientist interviews blend SQL/Python casework, A/B test design, and inferential questions. Machine Learning Engineer loops probe model deployment, offline to online debugging, and NLP/agent design. Product and BI roles focus on metrics, product tradeoffs, and Leadership Principles throughout the loop, with role-specific deep dives tied to the job description.
How long should I prepare for Amazon interviews and what should a timeline look like?
Aim for a focused 6–12 week plan for experienced roles and 4–8 weeks for early-career candidates. Weeks 1–3: shore up fundamentals — arrays, trees, graphs, DP, and core SQL windowing. Weeks 4–6: simulate timed coding rounds, practice system design high-level tradeoffs, and build STAR stories mapped to Leadership Principles. Weeks 7–10: run mock loops with behavioral pressure, refine experiment and ML case studies, and rehearse tradeoff conversations. Leave final 1–2 weeks for targeted practice on role-specific themes such as shipping costs, RAG evaluation, or Alexa product scenarios.
Which key subtopics should I master to perform well across Amazon's top roles?
Master algorithmic patterns including trees, dynamic programming, two-pointer and graph traversals, and complexity justification for coding rounds. For system design, focus on APIs, data models, scaling, caching, reliability, and monitoring. Data roles require SQL window functions, cohort and retention analysis, A/B test design and power, and RAG/evaluation methods for ML-backed features. Machine learning engineers must know model stability, cold-start strategies, online-offline mismatch debugging, and agent alignment basics. Product candidates should be fluent in metric design, customer-observed data pipelines, and prioritization with quantifiable impact.
What standout tips and common pitfalls should I know before interviewing at Amazon?
Start every behavioral or technical story with context and measurable outcomes; interviewers care about specific impact and tradeoffs. Use STAR for leadership prompts but emphasize metrics and follow-on changes. In coding, verbalize assumptions, test edge cases, and discuss complexity and alternative approaches. In design rounds, ask clarifying questions, scope deliberately, and justify scaling choices. Common pitfalls include weak quantification of impact, ignoring the Leadership Principles, failing to probe requirements, and delivering designs without operational considerations. Practice mock loops and incorporate Bar Raiser-style feedback to close gaps before the real loop.

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