Amazon Interview Questions

Amazon Coding & Algorithms Interview Questions

Practice 689 real Amazon interview questions for 2026. Covers all top categories — Coding & Algorithms, Behavioral & Leadership, Machine Learning, Data Manipulation (SQL/Python), and System Design — across Software Engineer, Data Scientist, Machine Learning Engineer, Product Manager, and Business Intelligence Engineer roles. Real Amazon interview questions from actual interviews with detailed solutions; use this collection for interview preparation that emphasizes shipping at scale, measurable impact, and the company’s Leadership Principles. Expect coding-heavy assessments for Software Engineer candidates: frequent tree and dynamic-programming problems, two-array optimization patterns, nested object/path lookups, and system-design prompts that mirror product flows (online Minesweeper, pizza-ordering, credit-card and shipping/cost systems), plus leadership and collaboration behavioral prompts. Data Scientist rounds concentrate on experimentation and metrics (A/B design, hand p-values, D7 retention SQL), RAG/recommender evaluation, and product-impact analyses. ML Engineer questions focus on production model design, LLM/agent concepts, reliability (cold start, training stability, online vs offline gaps), and large-scale detection pipelines. PM interviews stress customer-obsessed stories, ambiguity, Alexa product launches, and domain-specific data pipelines. Prepare with timed coding practice, end-to-end experiment writeups, STAR stories framed to Leadership Principles, and mock system-design sessions.

689 Questions 1 Company08.11.2026
Showing 20 results
Role
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Determine Rounds for Star Substring Threshold

Question Given a string S, an offset array O (replacement order), and an integer M, repeatedly replace S[O[i]] with ''. Determine the minimum number o...

Coding & Algorithms
11
0
31 people solved
Jul 29, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Find largest island area

Question Given a 2D grid of 0s and 1s, find the largest area of a connected group of 1s (island) using 4-directional adjacency; return that area. (Var...

Coding & Algorithms
14
0
21 people solved
Jul 29, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Solve array and list algorithms

Question LeetCode 315. Count of Smaller Numbers After Self LeetCode 23. Merge k Sorted Lists Design algorithm for Amazon Locker getPackage (retrieve p...

Coding & Algorithms
5
0
14 people solved
Jul 29, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Compute minimum passes to collect numbers

Question You are given an array shelf of n distinct integers that is a permutation of 1…n. Starting with target = 1, you repeatedly scan shelf from le...

Coding & Algorithms
76
0
200 people solved
Jul 29, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Compute maximum distinct-product pickup days

Question Given an array of positive integers representing quantities of different products, on day i (starting from 1) you must pick exactly i distinc...

Coding & Algorithms
21
0
56 people solved
Jul 29, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Find most frequent log user

Question You are given a list of log entries in string format, where each entry contains a username and an access timestamp separated by a delimiter (...

Coding & Algorithms
24
0
49 people solved
Jul 29, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Solve frequency sort and all-pairs sum

Solve frequency sort and all-pairs sum Task 1 — Frequency-based string reorder: Given a string s containing ASCII characters, return a new string whos...

Coding & Algorithms
3
1
33 people solved
Jul 27, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Solve median extremes and segment flips

Solve median extremes and segment flips Part A — Sliding-window median extremes: - Input: an integer k (1 ≤ k ≤ n) and an array nums of length n. - Fo...

Coding & Algorithms
2
0
25 people solved
Jul 26, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Compute unique visitors by department

You have two tables: products(product_id, department, category, subcategory) where department > category > subcategory form a parent–child hierarchy, ...

Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
0
0
8 people solved
Jul 26, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Describe deadline pressure, challenges, and decision changes

Describe deadline pressure, challenges, and decision changes Behavioral and Leadership Prompts — Software Engineer (Technical Screen) Answer the follo...

Behavioral & Leadership
3
0
33 people solved
Jul 26, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Design 2D DP on a DAG

Design 2D DP on a DAG Given a directed acyclic graph G(V, E) with N nodes, M edges, a designated source s, and an integer L, design a 2D dynamic progr...

Coding & Algorithms
6
0
54 people solved
Jul 15, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Hard
Software Engineer

Explain attention and Transformers

Explain attention and Transformers Scaled Dot-Product Self-Attention, Transformer Architecture, and BERT vs GPT You are interviewing for a software en...

Machine Learning
7
0
69 people solved
Jul 15, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Brainstorm a business problem approach

Brainstorm a business problem approach Analytics & Experimentation Brainstorm (Scenario Provided) Context You are evaluating a feature proposal for a ...

Analytics & Experimentation
4
0
42 people solved
Jul 15, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Demonstrate Bias for Action

Demonstrate Bias for Action Behavioral Prompt: Acting With Incomplete Data (Bias for Action) Describe a time you moved a project forward despite havin...

Behavioral & Leadership
4
0
31 people solved
Jul 15, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software Engineer

Merge overlapping intervals

Merge overlapping intervals Given a list of half-open numeric intervals [start, end), merge all overlapping or contiguous intervals and return a list ...

Coding & Algorithms
2
1
44 people solved
Jul 15, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Data Scientist

Design Incremental Load Process for Large Relational Table

orders_daily_load +------------+-----------+-------------+--------+ | load_date | order_id | customer_id | amount | +------------+-----------+------...

Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
86
0
213 people solved
Jul 12, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Data Scientist

Identify SQL Joins and Correct Query Errors

Winner +----+-------+ | ID | Name | +----+-------+ | 1 | Alice | | 2 | Bob | | 3 | Carol | +----+-------+ ​ Loser +----+-------+ | ID | Name | ...

Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
92
0
387 people solved
Jul 12, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Data Scientist

Identify Top Spenders and Segment Customers Using Python

orders +----------+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------------+ | order_id | cust_id | order_date | product | order_amount |...

Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
76
0
10 people solved
Jul 12, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Data Scientist

Consolidate and Rank Global Salaries in USD

employees_us +---------+----------+--------+---------+ | emp_id | name | salary | country | +---------+----------+--------+---------+ | 1 |...

Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
49
0
8 people solved
Jul 12, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Data Scientist

Implement Function to Determine Mode and Prime Numbers

Scenario Implementing utility algorithms within a data-processing library. Question Write a function that returns the mode of an integer list; if all ...

Coding & Algorithms
19
0
56 people solved
Jul 12, 2025

Frequently Asked Questions

How difficult are Amazon interview questions for software, data, and product roles?
Amazon interviews are competitive and deliberately broad: expect medium-to-hard algorithmic coding for software roles, deep design thinking for system and architecture questions, rigorous experiment and metrics work for data roles, and leadership-driven behavioral prompts for product and PM positions. Difficulty scales with level; early-career loops focus on correctness and problem patterns, senior loops demand scalable design, tradeoff justification, and measurable impact. The Bar Raiser raises the bar on long-term ownership and cultural fit. Overall, the process weeds for both technical depth and the ability to explain tradeoffs, so prepare to demonstrate repeatable problem solving under time pressure.
What is the Amazon interview process and where do the top categories and positions appear in the loop?
Amazon typically uses a staged process: resume screen, role-specific assessments or phone screens in some tracks, then the onsite loop of 4–6 interviews including a Bar Raiser. Coding and algorithms rounds dominate for Software Engineer interviews, while system design appears in one or more senior technical rounds. Data Scientist interviews blend SQL/Python casework, A/B test design, and inferential questions. Machine Learning Engineer loops probe model deployment, offline to online debugging, and NLP/agent design. Product and BI roles focus on metrics, product tradeoffs, and Leadership Principles throughout the loop, with role-specific deep dives tied to the job description.
How long should I prepare for Amazon interviews and what should a timeline look like?
Aim for a focused 6–12 week plan for experienced roles and 4–8 weeks for early-career candidates. Weeks 1–3: shore up fundamentals — arrays, trees, graphs, DP, and core SQL windowing. Weeks 4–6: simulate timed coding rounds, practice system design high-level tradeoffs, and build STAR stories mapped to Leadership Principles. Weeks 7–10: run mock loops with behavioral pressure, refine experiment and ML case studies, and rehearse tradeoff conversations. Leave final 1–2 weeks for targeted practice on role-specific themes such as shipping costs, RAG evaluation, or Alexa product scenarios.
Which key subtopics should I master to perform well across Amazon's top roles?
Master algorithmic patterns including trees, dynamic programming, two-pointer and graph traversals, and complexity justification for coding rounds. For system design, focus on APIs, data models, scaling, caching, reliability, and monitoring. Data roles require SQL window functions, cohort and retention analysis, A/B test design and power, and RAG/evaluation methods for ML-backed features. Machine learning engineers must know model stability, cold-start strategies, online-offline mismatch debugging, and agent alignment basics. Product candidates should be fluent in metric design, customer-observed data pipelines, and prioritization with quantifiable impact.
What standout tips and common pitfalls should I know before interviewing at Amazon?
Start every behavioral or technical story with context and measurable outcomes; interviewers care about specific impact and tradeoffs. Use STAR for leadership prompts but emphasize metrics and follow-on changes. In coding, verbalize assumptions, test edge cases, and discuss complexity and alternative approaches. In design rounds, ask clarifying questions, scope deliberately, and justify scaling choices. Common pitfalls include weak quantification of impact, ignoring the Leadership Principles, failing to probe requirements, and delivering designs without operational considerations. Practice mock loops and incorporate Bar Raiser-style feedback to close gaps before the real loop.

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